Electric welding.



C. H. FLORANDIN 82 A. M. BENNETT.

ELECTRIC WELDING. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 10, 1912.

1,283,71 5. Pateiliod Nov. 5, 1918.

-CHABLESH. FLORANDIN AND ASSIGNOBS TO C. dc C. ELECTRIC NEW JERSEY, ACOBPOIBATION ALAN M. BENNETT, OF

WESTFIELD, NEW JERSEY,

AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF GARWOOD, OF NEW JERSEY.

ELECTRIC WELDING.

To all whom it may concern.

' .Be it known that we, UHARLEs H. FLORAN- electrodes, the are beingstruck by DIN and ALAN M. BENNETT, citizens of the United States, bothresiding at Westfield, county of Union, and State of New Jersey, haveinventednew and useful Improvements in Electric Welding, of which thefollowing is a specification.

his invention relates to welding, brazing, repairing or the liketreatment of metal by the-electr1c arc.

Usually the work constitutes one of the v touching the manually operatedelectrode against it. When the electrodes are separated the arc is drawnbetween them.

It is desirable that the impressed volta e be regulated in accordancewith the conditions of. the arc and it is one object of the presentinvention to provide improved means for regulating the voltage inaccordance with the current and voltage conditions of the arc. A highinitial impressed voltage is de sirable. It makes more certain strikingof the are even if the initial contact is prevented by dirt, rust orother causes, from being the best, and also makes the incipient are moretenacious as well as having other advantages. Itis a further object ofthe invention, therefore, to provide improved means whereby thedesiredinitial voltage may be obtained in an electric circuit of the characterindicated and subsequently changed to normal working value.

Other and ancillary objects of the invention will appear hereinafter.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate the invention,

Figure 1 is a diagram of apparatus and connections of an arc weldingsystem em- .bodying the invention,

and

Fig. 2 is a similar diagram of a modification.

Referring to the drawings and first to Fig. 1, the system comprises aconstant potential direct current generator. having an armature 1, ashunt field 2 and a'series field 3, the series field being adapted tocompound the voltage. The series field has one end connected with oneterminal of the armature while the other end is connected through theresistance 4 and the coil of a load relay 5 with one of the terminals ofthe are formed Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 5, 1918.

Application filed January 10, 1917. Serial No. 141,523.

' 10 by the contacts of the contactor 11. One

terminal of the coil of this contactor is connected through the contactsof the relay 5 with one are electrode and the other terminalof thecontactor 11 is connected with the other electrode so that when therelay 5 is operated the coil of the contactor 11 is connected across thearc.

The resistance 4 is chosen of such a value as to limit the initialcurrent flow to the desired amount. The conductor 10 has a movableconnection with the resistance 4 so that a greater or less amount maybeincluded Within or excluded from the shunt. The result is that atstarting (the shunt being then open) the Whole of the resistance 4 is incircuit and properly limits the current on striking the arc while theamount of the resistance, for steadying purposes, included in the normalworking circuit (with the shunt closed) may be varied withoutinterfering with the above condition.

he apparatus in the diagram is shown in its normal inoperative position,the electrodes being separated and with no are between them; also therelay, and contactor are deenergized and their contacts open. Thegenerator armature under the inductive action of the shunt field isgenerating a suitable electromotive force. If now the movable electrode7 be struck against the work, the circuit will be completed through theoverload circuit breaker 8, the electrodes, the coil of the load relay5, the resistance 4 and the series field 3. Current will instantly flowand in s0 doing will energize the series field 3, which will add itsinduction .to that of the shunt field and increase the impressedvoltage. This high initial voltage will aid in' establishing the arc.The current will also energize the relay 5 closing its'contacts andthereby closing the circuit for the coil of the contactor 11 between theelectrades. The operator draws .the are by movin the electrode 7 awayfrom the work and wlmen the fall of potential across the arc-has becomesuflieient, the energization of the coil of the contactoi' 11 will closethe contacts of that contactor thereby closing the shunt about theseries field and that art of the resistance 4 between the series fieldand the conductor 10. This cutting out of action of the series fieldwinding will reduce the ma etic field of the generator and corresponingly reduce the voltage at the enerator terminals, the resistance incircult being also reduced to the desired steadying value for normalworking. The generator voltage will then be that due to the shuntfieldand of a suitable value for the normal working of the system. It will beseen that by this arrangement the normal working voltage of thegenerator is initially increased to a higher value so as to aid inestablishing the incipient are and in response to t e are current is cutout of action when the voltage across the arc is suitable, so that theimpressed voltage is reduced to that required for normal workin Upon theflow of excessive current beyon the predetermined value by reason of theoperator accidentally striking his electrode against the work or bybringing it unduly near thereto so that the arc is shortened and itsresistance decreased, or for other reasons, the overload relay 8 willoperate to break the circuit. 4

Referring to Fig. 2, the generator comrises an armature 12 and a shuntfield 13. In series with the shunt field 13 across the armatureterminals, is a resistance 14 and also a variable rheostat or resistance15. A shuntis adapted to be closedabout the resistance 14 through theconductors 16 and 17 by the contacts of the relay 18. The coil of thatrelay is connected across the arc elec- 40 trodes, one terminal beingjoined through the conductor 19-with the manually operable electrode 20and the other terminal through the conductor 21 with the work 22. Theworking circuit is from one terminal of the enerator through theconductor 23, the over oad relay 24, the electrode 20, the are whendrawn, the work 22, and the variable steadying resistance 25 to theother generator terminal. The rheostat 15 is so adjusted that with theresistance 14 shunted the desired initial voltage will be produced. Theresistance 14 is of such value that when it is inserted in the circuitthe generator voltage will be cut down to the desired normal workingamount. With the parts in the positions as shown in the drawing, theelectrodes bein separated with no are between them, am the generatorfield shunted, if the movable electrode is struck against the work andthe are drawn the potential across the are will increase as the arclengthens and at acertain value will energize the relay 18 sufficientlyto lift its contacts and open the shunt about the field resistance. 66This operates to insert the resistance in the field circuit with acorresponding decrease (in the generator voltage to normal value. Shouldthe arc become extinguished or so reduced that the voltage across itbecomes less than that required to hold the contacts of the rela 18closed they will .dro together, cutting the resistance 14 out o circuitand placmg the apparatus in condition for producingv the high initialvoltage for strikm the are and which is subsequently lowere to thenormal working value .by the drawing of the are as described.

While the invention has been illustrated in what are considered its bestapplications, itmay have other embodiments without departing from itsspirit and is not therefore limited to the structures shown in thedrawings.

What we claim is:

1; In an are system for welding, repairing and otherwise treatingmetals, the combination with a generator for impressing voltage on thecircuit, electrodes, conductors connecting said electrodes and saidgenerator in circuit and means controlled by the workin current and arevoltage for varying the vo ltage of said generator.

2. In an are system for welding, repairing and otherwise treatingmetals, the combination with a generator for impressing voltage on thecircuit, electrodes, conductors connecting said electrodes and saidgenerator in circuit and means controlled by the arc voltage for varyingthe voltage of said generator.

3. In an are system for Welding, repairing and otherwise treatingmetals, the combination with a generator having series field winding, ofelectrodes, conductors for connecting said generator and electrodes incircuit and means for shunting said series field winding.

4. In an are system for welding, repairing and otherwise treatingmetals, the combination with a generator having a series field, 110 ofelectrodes, conductors for connecting said generator and electrodes incircuit and means controlled by the workin current for changing thenumber of the e ective turns of the, series field winding for a givenwork- 115 ing current.

5. In an are system for welding, repairing and otherwise treatingmetals, the combination with a generator, having a series field, ofelectrodes, conductors for eonnect- 120 ing said generator andelectrodes in circuit and means controlled by the working current forshunting the series'field.

6. In an are system for welding, repairing and otherwise treatingmetals, the com- 126 bination with a generator havin series winding, ofelectrodes, conductors %or connecting said generator and electrodes incircuitand means controlled by the arc voltage for changing the numberof effective 130 turns: of said series .winding for a given wor gcurrent.

7. an are system for welding, repairing and otherwise treating metals,the combination with a generator having a series field, of electrodes,conductors for connecting said generator and electrodes in circuit andmeans controlled by the arcvoltage for shunting the, series field.

8. In an are system for welding, repairing and otherwise treatingmetals, the combi nation with a generator having shunt and series fieldwindings, of electrodes, conductors for connecting the said generatorand electrodes in circuit, shunt connections for said series field, arelay controlling the shunt about the series field having its coiladapted to be connected across the arc and a relay controlling thecircuit of said coil and having its coil in the work circuit.

9. In an are system for welding, repairing and otherwise treatingmetals, the combination with a generator for impressing voltage on thecircuit, electrodes, conductors connecting said electrodes andsaidgenerator in circuit and means controlled by the working current andare Volta e for varying the voltage of said generator, the generatorvoltage being reduced on rise of working current and are voltage.

10. In an are system for welding, ing and otherwisetreating metals,bination with a generator for impressing voltage on the circuit,electrodes, conductors for connecting said electrodes and said generatorin circuit and means controlled by repairthe comthe working current forvarying the voltage of said generator, the generator voltage beingreduced on'rise of working current;

ing and otherwise treating metals,

8 I l 11, In an are system for welding, mg and otherwise treatingmetals, the combination with a generator for impressing voltage on thecircuit electrodes, conductors or connectingsaid e ectrodes and saidgenerator in circuit and means controlled by the arc voltage for varyingthe voltage of said generator, the reduced on rise of arc voltage. 12. I

11 an are system for welding, repairthe combination with a generatorhaving series field winding, of electrodes, conductors for connectingsaid generator and electrodes in circuit and means controlled by theWorking current and are voltage for shunting said series field winding.

\ In an are system for welding, repairing and otherwise treating metals,the combination with a generator of electrodes, conductors forconnecting the said generator and electrodes in circuit, a relaycontrolling the voltage of said generator, a circuit therefor, and arelay in the work circuit controlling the circuit of the aforesaidrelay.

14. In an are system for welding, repairing and otherwise treatingmetals, the combination with a ductors for connecting the said generatorand electrodes in circuit, a. relay controlling the voltage of saidgenerator, a circuit therefor, and a relay in the work ling the circuitof the aforesaid relay, the

repair- I generator of electrodes, coni circuit controlgenerator voltagebeing first mentioned relay being connected in shunt to the are betweensaid electrodes.

In testimony whereof we have signedthis specification this 27th day ofOctober, 1916.

C. H. FLORANDIN. ALAN M. BENNETT.

